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KMID : 1025520020440030327
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Journal of Animal Science and Technology
2002 Volume.44 No. 3 p.327 ~ p.340
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Effect of Domestic Clay Minerals on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Growing-Fattening Hanwoo Steers
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강수원/Kang, S. W.
김준식/조원모/안병석/기광석/손용석/Kim, J. S./Cho, W. M./Ahn, B. S./Ki, K. S./Son, Y. S.
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Abstract
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of domestic clay minerals on feed efficiency, meat quantity, meat quality and economic traits in 24 head of Hanwoo steers(166.1㎏ in body weight) for 540 days from six to 24 months in age. Feeding trial was conducted with 4 treatment(six heads/treatment) which were T1(Control), T2(Control+Kaolinite), T3(Control+Bentonite), T4(Control+Illite).
The results obtained are summarized as follows; The range of average daily gains were 0.682 to 0.713, 0.669 to 0.714, 0.690 to 0.840 and 0.699 to 0.756㎏ in growing, fattening, finishing and over-all period, respectively, and the gains were high in T1 for growing and fattening period but in clay mineral groups for finishing and over-all period, especially it was high in Illite and Bentonite groups. Concentrates and TDN intakes per unit of ㎏ gains were lower in clay mineral groups than in control and was lower especially in Bentonite groups. In carcass characteristics, dressed carcass and fresh meat and retailed cut percent were not apparently difference by treatments, and yield index was 69.3, 68.9, 68.8 and 68.6 in T3, T2, T4 and T1, respectively. Marbling scores were 5.1, 4.6, 4.4 and 3.3 in T3, T2, T4 and T1, respectively, and the range of shear force by treatment was from 3.51 to 6.02㎏/㎠, and were improved with significant difference(P<0.05) in clay mineral groups than in control. Also in palatability traits, panel test scores of juiciness, tenderness and flavor were improved in clay mineral feeding groups, especially the flavor was improved with highly significant difference (P<0.01) in clay mineral groups than in control.
In total fatty acid contents, the rate of SFA(saturated fatty acid) in longissimus muscle of beef was higher in the order of T2, T3, T1 and T4 while the rate of MUFA(monounsaturated fatty acid) was high in the order of T4, T3, T1 and T2. The contents of oleic acid which is major influential factor at the flavor of beef was higher in Illite groups than in any other groups. In composition of amino acids in longissimus muscles of beef, the rate of essential amino acids was high in the order of T1, T2, T3 and T4, and the rate of amino acids in clay mineral groups was smaller than in control.
In chemical component in Gom-Tang(soup of bone) made by Hanwoo steer´s leg-bone, the ranges of crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash was 0.81 to 1.24, 0.17 to 0.35 and 0.07 to 0.09%, respectively. In mineral composition, the ranges of Ca, P, Na, and Mg was 14.01 to 15.77, 11.45 to 16.40, 39.72 to 49.99 and 0.26 to 0.46ppm, respectively. Chemical composition were not apparently different but mineral composition was increased in clay mineral groups than in control. Income by treatments was 967,096 to 1,524,055 Won per head for 540 days and income of clay mineral groups in comparison with control´s increased by 23.7 to 57.6 percent, and especially it was higher in bentonite and(or) Illite groups than others.
According to the above results it may be concluded that clay mineral to growing-fattening Hanwoo steers can be improved the meat quantity, meat quality and income. Especially the effect of bentonite and illite is large and can be recommended for usage to improve animal performance as feed additives of growing-fattening Hanwoo steers.
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